Ukraine’s national policy on RES: analysis of international obligations and integration into European energy markets

Abstract

Introduction. Ukraine, as it moves toward integration with European markets and fulfills its international climate commitments, faces the necessity of transforming its economy towards sustainable development. A key aspect of this transformation is the adoption of renewable energy sources (RES) and enhancing energy efficiency across all sectors of the economy. Amid the ongoing armed conflict and destruction of energy infrastructure, Ukraine is actively working to restore and modernize its energy sector, aiming to reduce its reliance on imported fossil fuels and align with European energy markets. The adoption of the National Energy and Climate Plan through 2030, which was developed in line with European Union standards and the Paris Climate Agreement, outlines the main strategic development priorities. These include a substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, increasing the share of RES in the national energy mix to 27%, and improving energy efficiency by 30%. These initiatives are designed to ensure a sustainable energy system that will foster economic growth, enhance energy independence, and tackle climate change. Despite Ukraine’s significant potential in renewable energy development – such as solar, wind, and bioenergy—numerous challenges impede the implementation of these projects. The major obstacles include financial instability, institutional barriers, and the ongoing military conflict. However, Ukraine’s national policy is showing positive trends in the adoption of modern green technologies and its gradual integration into the European energy market. This study also highlights the importance of international cooperation in fostering the development of Ukraine’s «green» economy. Support from international financial institutions like the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the World Bank plays a crucial role in financing RES and energy efficiency projects. International agreements, including REPowerEU and the European Green Deal, offer Ukraine opportunities to attract additional investments and expedite the energy sector’s reform process. Thus, the development of Ukraine’s national RES policy, alignment with international obligations, and integration into European markets are not only essential for preserving energy independence but are also crucial for achieving the country’s sustainable development goals in the face of climate change and global challenges.

The purpose of the article is to analyze Ukraine’s national policy on renewable energy sources, its alignment with international obligations, and to assess the prospects for Ukraine’s integration into European energy markets.

Research methods. To achieve these objectives, the study uses methods such as system analysis, statistical data analysis, and comparative analysis. The data used comes from both primary and secondary sources, including statistics from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and international reports on renewable energy development.

Research results. The analysis shows that Ukraine has made some progress in increasing the share of renewable energy in its overall energy consumption. However, substantial investments and international support will be necessary to achieve the goals outlined in the National Plan by 2030. Several scenarios for the development of renewable energy in Ukraine have been considered, with the most optimistic one projecting successful integration into European energy markets.

Research perspectives. Future studies could focus on practical aspects of implementing energy efficiency and decarbonization initiatives, as well as a deeper exploration of the potential for attracting foreign investment in the development of RES in Ukraine.