Issues of Recognition and Measurement of Intangible Assets in Accounting: Domestic and International Aspects
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2026.02.083Keywords:
Intangible assets, IAS 38, NAS 8, measurement, asset impairment, intellectual capital, integrated reporting, EARMAbstract
The article presents a comprehensive study of the methodological foundations for the recognition and measurement of intangible assets in the context of increasing economic uncertainty and business digitalization. The study employs methods of comparative analysis, systematization, and logical generalization. It is substantiated that the fundamental discrepancy between national practice (NAS 8) and international standards (IAS 38) lies in the conflict between the concepts of «legal formalism» and
«economic substance.» It is proved that the dominance of the principle of documentary legitimization in Ukraine creates artificial barriers to the recognition of innovative resources, while international practice emphasizes the asset’s ability to generate future economic benefits and the presence of actual control. The necessity of involving independent professional appraisers to verify forecasting models and discount rates during impairment testing of intangible assets is substantiated. The scientific novelty and practical significance of the results lie in the development of proprietary tools to overcome the methodological crisis in accounting for intangible assets. In particular, the implementation of a system of industry-specific capitalization markers (e.g., the
«Freeze code» stage for the IT sector or prototype certification for the manufacturing industry) in the Accounting Policy Manual is proposed. The feasibility of integrating elements of the Extended Asset Recognition Model (EARM) in combination with a three- level «algorithm audit» for the objective valuation of digital data is proved. A transition to a strategic two-level disclosure model is proposed: maintaining a conservative valuation in the main balance sheet and presenting strategic intellectual capital KPIs in integrated reporting and the Management Report. Such synergy of accounting control and expanded data disclosure is identified as a key way to ensure the relevance of reporting in the era of digital transformation.
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