Procedure for retracting published articles

According to the COPE Retraction Guidelines, which journal "Herald of economics" adheres to, an article may be retracted for the following reasons:

unreliability of results, supported by evidence of irregularities (e.g., data falsification) or unintentional errors (computational or experimental inaccuracies);
duplication of publication, when the same results have already been published previously without proper references, permissions, or explanations;
detection of plagiarism or other forms of unethical research behavior.
Retraction procedure
The retraction procedure is carried out using the EASE Retraction Form.

The decision to retract is made after careful consideration of appeals from editors, authors, or readers.

An article may be retracted if it is determined that:

the results are unreliable due to significant errors (e.g., miscalculations or experimental inaccuracies) or deliberate distortion of data (including image manipulation);
the paper contains plagiarism;
the results have been previously published without proper citation, disclosure, or permission for reuse (duplicate publication);
the materials or data have been used without appropriate permission;
the copyright or other legal rights have been violated (e.g., defamation or breach of confidentiality);
the research is unethical;
the publication is based on a compromised or manipulative review process;
the author(s) have failed to disclose a significant conflict of interest that could have influenced the evaluation of the paper by the editorial board or reviewers.