Analysis of Financial and Non-Financial Metrics in Sustainability Reporting

Abstract

The contemporary model of analysis is undergoing transformation driven by the European regulatory changes the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS), and the Omnibus I package, which have institutionalised the principle of double materiality and shifted the centre of gravity of corporate assessment from retrospective financial diagnostics towards an integrated evaluation of impacts, risks and opportunities. The methodological problem arises of developing an analytical toolkit capable of moving non-financial reporting from the domain of regulatory compliance into the domain of strategic management. The research is based on the principle of methodological triangulation, which involves combining procedural, statistical and expert methods according to the nature of the data analysed. A systemic approach has been applied to the formation of a three-level architecture of analysed indicators, encompassing the normative core, the sectoral materiality contour and the internal managerial contour, alongside hybrid weighting that combines materiality assessment under ESRS, expert evaluations and statistical sensitivity of indicators, as well as the composite indexing method for aggregating the results. Empirical validation was performed on the data of JSC Oschadbank for 2024. A methodology for integrated analysis of the system of financial, non-financial and ESG indicators has been substantiated, comprising six sequential stages - contextualisation, materiality assessment, construction of the indicator system, operationalisation and normalisation of data, integration of results into composite indices, and interpretation and incorporation of conclusions into the strategic management system. A composite Integrated Economic Resilience Index of the enterprise has been proposed, combining the financial, non-financial operational, environmental, social and governance blocks of information on the basis of hybrid weighting coefficients. The use of a causal linkage matrix and indicator passport cards has been substantiated as instruments for reducing the risk of declarative disclosures. The methodology of integrated analysis of financial, non-financial and ESG indicators under the implementation of CSRD reporting should be constructed as a multi-level, materiality-oriented analytical system whose fundamental distinction from traditional analysis lies in its capacity to simultaneously assess results, drivers, risks, external effects and structural constraints of the value creation process. The proposed author’s approach demonstrates its practical value in the ability to transform sustainability reporting from a formal compliance obligation into a fully-fledged instrument for enhancing the resilience and long-term value of the enterprise.